2017Feb 201820192020June 20212021–20242023April 2024
The company that would become Keystone was founded during the Bitcoin bull market by Discus Fish and Changhao Jiang. At this time, it operated under Cobo Wallet. Its headquarters were in Beijing, with additional offices in Shanghai, Xi’an, and Seattle.
The team launched its first premium hardware wallet, Cobo Vault Ultimate, after a successful Indiegogo crowdfunding campaign. This device was among the first in the industry to meet American military standards for robustness (MIL-STD-810G).
Keystone (then Cobo Vault) released its second-generation hardware wallet, focusing on global Bitcoin enthusiasts. This model maintained the air-gapped QR code system but was more affordable and accessible, and it marked the start of collaboration with the Bitcoin community on QR code standards.
The company received a Web3 Foundation grant to integrate the Cobo Vault with Polkadot.js, expanding compatibility with the Polkadot ecosystem.
Cobo Vault officially rebranded as Keystone, reflecting a renewed focus on open-source development and broader ecosystem integration.
Keystone addressed blind signing issues for Ethereum, integrated with MetaMask, and expanded support for major cryptocurrencies and tokens. The wallet became known for robust multi-signature solutions and enhanced security features.
Keystone 3 Pro was announced, with pre-sale beginning August 8. This third-generation model featured triple Secure Element chips, a longer warranty, fully open-source software, and improved battery design.
Keystone relaunched under its current brand, led by CEO Lixin Liu and CTO Aaron Chen. The Keystone 3 Pro was officially released, featuring a large color touchscreen, triple Secure Element chips, open-source firmware, and support for multiple blockchains including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Solana. Previous Essential and Pro models were discontinued.
Keystone Hardware Wallet Security & Features
Air-Gapped Architecture
Keystone Wallet’s air-gapped architecture centres on complete physical and digital isolation from any networked environment. The air gap technology isolates your digital device from the internet and other connectivity technologies, meaning you never connect the device to the Internet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, USB, or NFC. It keeps your private keys offline at all times.
Being air-gapped sharply reduces the risk of malware, phishing, or remote hacking attempts.

When you want to send cryptocurrency, you start by creating a transaction on your online wallet. The transaction details appear as a QR code or a file, which you transfer to your Keystone device using its built-in camera or a microSD card. The Keystone wallet then signs the transaction internally and stores your private keys. It never exposes your keys to the connected device.
After signing, the wallet displays a new QR code or generates a file containing the signed transaction. You then scan or transfer this to your online wallet to broadcast the transaction to the blockchain.
Multi-Layered Secure Elements
Keystone’s multi-layered secure element architecture forms the backbone of its hardware wallet security. The Keystone 3 Pro uses three independent secure element chips sourced from different manufacturers. Each chip is EAL5+ certified, which is a high security standard used in banking and government applications.

The secure elements operate in a coordinated trust architecture. Each chip handles distinct security-critical tasks. One chip generates cryptographic keys using physical entropy sources, such as thermal noise and quantum tunneling. Another chip manages transaction signing by operating with isolated cryptographic modules. The third chip validates firmware integrity with TPM 2.0 standards for secure boot and update processes.
Technically, each secure element is a 32-bit ARM Cortex-M0 microcontroller. It includes 256KB of embedded flash memory, 16KB of ROM, 16KB of SRAM, and 4KB of dedicated SRAM for cryptographic algorithms. The chips support various cryptographic functions, including AES (128/192/256), RSA (up to 4096 bits), ECC, DES/3DES, and SM series algorithms.
Hardware random number generators (HRNG) compliant with FIPS 140-2 ensure that key generation is truly random and unpredictable. Performance metrics show that a 2048-bit RSA key can be generated in 2.3 seconds, while a 256-bit ECC multiplication completes in 7.4 milliseconds.
Using three separate secure elements means an attacker must compromise all chips simultaneously to access sensitive data. This redundancy raises the cost and complexity of attacks to a level that is currently computationally infeasible. Keystone further incorporates physically unclonable function (PUF) technology so that cryptographic keys remain unique and cannot be extracted or duplicated.
Anti-Tamper and Self-Destruct Mechanisms
Keystone wallets incorporate advanced anti-tamper and self-destruct mechanisms to protect your assets against physical attacks and unauthorized access. The device uses PCI-grade anti-tampering technology, which surrounds all core integrated circuits and secure element chips with a specialized security mesh and capacitive grid.

This system continuously monitors the integrity of the device’s casing and internal components. If the wallet detects any attempt to open, probe, or manipulate the hardware physically, it instantly triggers a self-destruct protocol.
The self-destruct mechanism erases all sensitive data, including private keys and wallet access information, within a fraction of a second. Independent testing has measured this wipe process at under one second.
The wallet also responds to multiple incorrect PIN entries or suspicious activity by activating the same memory wipe. Some models allow you to manually trigger the self-destruct feature if you suspect your device is compromised.
Open Source Transparency
Keystone made its firmware, hardware schematics, and secure element code publicly available. You can review the firmware’s source code on platforms like GitHub, where Keystone maintains repositories for the primary device and the secure element chips. If you’re critical of transparency, you can always look up the code.

Keystone Wallet’s firmware is written in Rust and C, with blockchain operations and cryptographic functions implemented in Rust for reliability and performance. The project also uses FreeRTOS as the operating system; you can access the code structure, documentation, and even testing tools.
Keystone publishes its hardware design, including circuit diagrams and the bill of materials. You or any independent developer can audit the device’s physical and software security. The company has also released third-party audit reports, uncommon in the hardware wallet industry.
Biometric Authentication
Keystone hardware wallets integrate biometric authentication to add a personal layer of security to your device access. The wallet uses a capacitive fingerprint sensor that stores your fingerprint template in encrypted form within the secure element.

When you enroll your fingerprint, the sensor captures multiple images and creates a composite template. The system allows you to register up to five different fingerprints. You can choose which fingers to use or allow trusted family members access in case of emergency.
The sensor compares your fingerprint scan to the stored template using a secure matching algorithm during each authentication attempt. The matching process takes less than 500 milliseconds and operates entirely within the secure element, so your biometric data never leaves the chip or gets exposed to the main firmware.
If the fingerprint does not match after a set number of attempts, the wallet locks itself and requires a PIN for further access.
Large Touchscreen Interface
The Keystone wallet features a 4-inch IPS touchscreen with a 480-by-800-pixel resolution. The screen supports multi-touch gestures and clearly displays detailed transaction information, QR codes, and settings menus.

You interact with the wallet much like you would with a modern smartphone, using taps and swipes to move through menus, enter PINs, and confirm actions. The interface uses large, well-spaced buttons to reduce the risk of input errors, especially when reviewing or approving transactions.
The touchscreen also boosts your ability to verify transaction details. You can fully view recipient addresses, amounts, and network fees before confirming any action. The display shows smart contract data for complex transactions so that you can spot discrepancies or potential scams.
The high brightness and wide viewing angles make the screen readable in various lighting conditions, whether indoors or outdoors. The familiar responsive interface gives it an edge over other cold wallets in the market.
Comprehensive Transaction Verification
Keystone wallets prioritize comprehensive transaction verification to protect your assets from accidental or malicious transfers. Before you approve any transaction, the device displays all relevant details on its screen, including recipient address, transaction amount, network fees, and, for smart contracts, decoded contract data.
The wallet parses and presents this information in a human-readable format, so you do not have to interpret raw hexadecimal data or blindly trust external software.
This verification process is significant for complex transactions in decentralized applications, token swaps, or NFT transfers. Keystone uses on-device parsing to decode smart contract calls and token standards like ERC-20 and ERC-721.
You can review the exact function being called, the contract address, and the parameters involved. If the transaction data does not match your intentions, you can reject it before signing. The wallet stores a history of recent transactions so you can cross-check past activity if needed.
Multi-Signature and Multi-Seed Support
In a multi-signature setup, you can require two or more devices or users to approve a transaction before it is executed. This approach is beneficial for managing shared funds, organisational treasuries, or high-value accounts. Keystone integrates with popular multi-signature platforms like BlueWallet, Sparrow Wallet, and Gnosis Safe.

When you use Keystone in a multi-signature arrangement, the device decodes and displays detailed transaction information, including transaction IDs, addresses, fees, and transfer values. This transparency helps you verify every aspect of a transaction before signing, so the risk of mistakes or malicious activity stays minimal.
The Keystone 3 Pro model introduces multi-seed support that lets you manage up to three separate seed phrases on a single device. Each seed phrase can represent a completely independent wallet, and you can toggle between them by entering the corresponding PIN at startup.
You can separate savings and daily spending, and even create a decoy wallet for added security. Most hardware wallets only support one seed phrase at a time.
Wide Asset and Wallet Compatibility
Keystone supports over 5,500 cryptocurrencies, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, Solana, Cosmos, Cardano, and major EVM and non-EVM chains. It integrates with popular software cryptocurrency wallets like MetaMask and BlueWallet, allowing you to manage diverse assets from one device.
Supported assets are discussed shortly after in detail.
Limitations
While effective for security, Keystone’s air-gapped architecture introduces extra steps to every transaction. You need to scan QR codes or use a microSD card to transfer data between your wallet and a computer or mobile device. Scanning for each transaction can feel slower than wallets using USB or Bluetooth connections.
The device does not support charging and usage at the same time. If the battery runs low during a session, you must pause your work to recharge. Battery life is sufficient for routine use, but frequent signing or extended sessions will surely put it to the test.
Keystone also does not offer built-in features for staking, swapping, or earning yield directly from the hardware wallet. You need to rely on external software wallets or platforms for these functions.

Firmware updates require careful handling. You must download updates to a microSD card and install them manually, which adds another layer of responsibility. There’s a faster USB update method that requires a non-air-gapped approach.
If you lose your recovery seed, you cannot recover your assets. While valuable for security, the self-destruct feature will permanently wipe your wallet if triggered, so you must always store backups securely.
Keystone Wallet – Supported Coins

Keystone cold wallet supports more than 5500 crypto assets. It’s compatible with all the best crypto to buy in 2025. Here’s a breakdown of the assets:
Major Cryptocurrencies
Keystone Wallet supports a broad range of leading cryptocurrencies. You can store and manage Bitcoin (BTC), Ethereum (ETH), and Tether (USDT) as core assets. The wallet also handles Binance Coin (BNB), Litecoin (LTC), Dogecoin (DOGE), and Bitcoin Cash (BCH). Keystone supports Dash (DASH) and Ripple (XRP) for those interested in privacy or alternative coins.
EVM-Compatible Chains and Tokens
Keystone offers extensive support for Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) compatible blockchains. You can manage assets on Ethereum, Binance Smart Chain, and Polygon (MATIC). The wallet lets you store, send, and receive ERC-20 tokens and other EVM-based assets.
This includes a wide array of DeFi tokens, stablecoins, and NFTs. Keystone also supports TRON (TRX) and its TRC-20 tokens. It lets you interact simultaneously with multiple decentralized ecosystems.
Layer 1 and Layer 2 Blockchains
Beyond EVM chains, Keystone supports several prominent Layer 1 and Layer 2 networks. You can secure assets on Solana (SOL), NEAR Protocol (NEAR), Aptos (APT), Polkadot (DOT), Kusama (KSM), and soon Cosmos (ATOM), Arweave (AR), and Cardano (ADA). You can diversify your portfolio across different blockchain architectures and ecosystems.
Token Management and Additional Assets

Keystone’s firmware displays main-chain assets by default, but you can add and manage a wide range of tokens through the companion mobile app. The wallet supports over 5,500 cryptocurrencies and tokens across more than 200 blockchains. This includes support for wrapped assets like Wrapped Bitcoin (WBTC) and staked tokens such as Lido Staked Ether (STETH). Keystone continues to expand its supported asset list, adapting to new protocols and token standards as the crypto landscape evolves.
Limitations and Updates
While Keystone covers most major and emerging coins, some assets may require manual addition or third-party wallet integration. Support for new chains and tokens is ongoing, with regular firmware updates introducing compatibility for additional networks. Before transferring less common tokens, you should always check the latest supported asset list on the official website or app.
How Does the Keystone Wallet Work?

The Keystone Wallet works as an air-gapped hardware wallet that keeps your private keys completely offline. You start by setting up the device, creating or importing a wallet, and securely recording your recovery seed. The device never connects to the internet, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or USB, so your sensitive information remains isolated from online threats.
To receive cryptocurrency, you select the coin or token on the Keystone device. The wallet generates a unique receiving address and displays it as a QR code. You share this address with the sender. Once the network confirms the transaction, your funds become visible when you connect Keystone to a compatible software wallet.
To send assets, you initiate a transaction using a software wallet, such as MetaMask or the Keystone Companion App. You enter the recipient’s address and transaction details into the software wallet. The software wallet generates a QR code containing the unsigned transaction. You scan this QR code with your Keystone device, which displays all transaction details for your review.
After confirming, you sign the transaction on the Keystone using your fingerprint or PIN. The wallet then generates a QR code with the signed transaction. You scan this code back into the software wallet, which broadcasts the transaction to the blockchain.
Keystone’s workflow never lets your private keys leave the device or touch an internet-connected environment. You manage assets, sign transactions, and verify details entirely offline. Regular firmware updates and secure backup practices further protect your funds.
Keystone Wallet: Advantages & Disadvantages
Keystone prioritizes security with top-notch technical measures. However, the heavier focus on security and isolation leaves it lacking in other aspects. The wallet is quite inconvenient regarding quick transactions, frequent transactions, connectivity, etc. Here’s a breakdown of why it might be an excellent wallet and why it might not.

Advantages |
Disadvantages |
✅ Fully air-gapped design eliminates USB, Bluetooth, and Wi-Fi attack vectors. Keeps your private keys offline at all times.
✅ Triple secure element chips provide advanced, institutional-grade security for key storage and transaction signing.
✅ PCI-level anti-tamper features and self-destruct mechanisms protect against physical attacks and unauthorized access.
✅ Open-source firmware and hardware allow for independent security audits and greater transparency.
✅ Supports over 5,500 cryptocurrencies and tokens across 200+ blockchains, including major EVM and non-EVM chains.
✅ Large, full-color touchscreen and fingerprint authentication enhance usability and device security.
✅ Multi-signature and multi-seed support offer flexibility for advanced users and organizations.
✅ Seamless integration with MetaMask, BlueWallet, and other popular software wallets for DeFi and multi-chain management. |
❌ No Bluetooth or USB connectivity for transactions; may feel inconvenient compared to some other hardware wallets.
❌ Requires a microSD card for firmware updates, which is not included and must be purchased separately.
❌ The non-removable battery may drain quickly with heavy use; you cannot use the device while charging.
❌ No built-in swap or staking features; you must use external platforms for these functions.
❌ Higher price points than entry-level wallets may not be ideal for users seeking a budget option.
❌ Advanced features and multi-signature setups may require a learning curve, especially for beginners.
❌ Some users report minor interface lag when scrolling through lists or enabling assets.
❌ The device does not display real-time wallet balances since it remains offline and cannot query the blockchain directly. |
Where Can You Buy Keystone Wallet?
You can buy the Keystone Wallet through several official channels worldwide. The most direct way is from the official Keystone online store, which ships internationally and offers the latest models and accessories.

The Crypto Merchant is an authorized retailer in the United States that provides verified products and customer support. If you are in India, you can order from Etherbit.in, Keystone’s official partner, with prices that include customs clearance and free express shipping.
Here’s a short list of where you can buy these wallets and how much they’ll likely cost.
Location |
Official Store |
Price |
Notes |
USA |
TheCryptoMerchant.com |
$109.00 (sale price) |
Ships from USA, official partner, support team |
India |
Etherbit.in |
₹12,999 (incl. all taxes, free shipping) |
Official Keystone partner, customs cleared, 1-year warranty |
Europe (EU) |
Hardware-Wallet.eu (Cryptoken) |
€150.72 |
Free shipping in EU above €50, official reseller |
UK |
MyHardwareWallet.co.uk |
£129.00 |
2-4 days free delivery, official reseller |
Canada |
TheCryptoMerchant.com |
~$109 USD (plus shipping/import) |
Ships internationally, check for duties |
Australia |
Htoshi.com |
A$229–A$249 |
Official authorized distributor, ships locally |
Japan |
SuperDelivery.com |
¥21,000–¥23,000 |
Japanese wholesale, official distributor |
Russia |
Lwallet.com.ua (ships to Russia) |
7,690 RUB (approx.) |
Official reseller, warranty included |
Ukraine |
Lwallet.com.ua |
7,690 UAH |
Official reseller, local support |
France |
Hardware-Wallets.fr |
€155 |
Official reseller, local shipping |
For buyers in Europe, you have options such as Cryptoken.nl, Cryptoken-shop.com, and BTC Direct Shop, all of which are official resellers. In the UK, Crypto Nest offers Keystone wallets with next-day delivery.
Keystone also lists a network of authorized resellers in regions including Singapore, Russia, Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Korea, Ukraine, and Hong Kong. The full list of these partners is on the Keystone website. Additionally, Keystone wallets are available on large online marketplaces like Amazon and AliExpress.
Why Best Wallet Might Be a Better Alternative?
Cold wallets like Keystone are excellent for security, no doubt. But convenience? Speed of trades? Apps and dynamic features? Hot wallets got them beat by miles.

Best Wallet combines the highlights of the two. It’s among the most secure hot wallets on the market, with advanced biometric and 2FA security features.
Here’s a breakdown of their key aspects.
Aspect |
Best Wallet |
Keystone Wallet |
Type |
Software (non-custodial, mobile/desktop) |
Hardware (fully air-gapped, standalone device) |
Security |
2FA, biometrics, encrypted keys, insurance, secure backups |
Multi-layered secure elements, air-gapped, biometric unlock, anti-tamper, open source |
Private Key Control |
User-controlled, never held by third parties |
User-controlled, never leaves device |
Supported Coins |
1,000+ coins, 60+ blockchains (BTC, ETH, BNB, SOL, etc.) |
5,500+ coins, 200+ blockchains (BTC, ETH, BNB, SOL, ADA, etc.) |
DEX & Trading |
Integrated DEX for instant swaps, cross-chain trades, low fees, upcoming ICOs |
No built-in DEX; relies on external software wallets for swaps |
Staking/Yield |
Aggregated staking, passive income options |
No native staking; must use third-party apps |
Fiat On/Off Ramp |
Yes (buy/sell crypto with cards, e-wallets, bank transfer; KYC required) |
No direct fiat integration |
Ease of Use |
Intuitive interface, guides for beginners, real-time portfolio tracker |
Large touchscreen, QR code workflow, may require more steps for transactions |
Device Cost |
Free app download |
$119–$169 (hardware purchase required) |
Backup & Recovery |
Encrypted backup, recovery passphrase |
Recovery seed phrase, multi-seed support |
Multi-Sig Support |
Not native; depends on external protocols |
Native multi-signature and multi-seed support |
NFT Support |
Yes (NFT storage and management on supported chains) |
Yes (NFT storage and management on supported chains) |
Open Source |
Not fully open source |
Fully open source (hardware and firmware) |
Portability |
Use anywhere with internet access |
Requires carrying the hardware device |
Best For |
Users who want all-in-one convenience, trading, staking, fiat integration, and easy access |
Users who prioritize maximum offline security, open-source transparency, and advanced cold storage features |
Key Advantages of Best Wallet Over Keystone Wallet

Best Wallet excels in the following aspects:
Instant Access and Portability: Best Wallet is a software-based solution that is available as a mobile and desktop app. Unlike Keystone, which requires carrying a dedicated hardware device, you can access your assets from anywhere with an internet connection.
You can set up your free multi-chain wallet and start trading in minutes, whereas Keystone requires days to weeks even to reach you.
Integrated Trading and Staking: Being a Web3 wallet, Best Wallet includes built-in decentralised exchange (DEX) functionality for swapping tokens and trading across chains directly within the app. It also aggregates staking and yield options. You can easily earn passive income without leaving your wallet.
Keystone does not offer native trading or staking features; you must rely on external platforms.

Fiat On/Off Ramp: You can buy or sell crypto with fiat currencies using cards, e-wallets, or bank transfers directly within Best Wallet. This feature streamlines the process of entering or exiting the crypto ecosystem. Keystone does not provide direct Fiat integration.
Ease of Use: Best Wallet is intuitive, with real-time portfolio tracking, beginner-friendly guides, and simple navigation. While user-friendly for a hardware wallet, Keystone involves extra steps for every transaction due to its air-gapped security model.
No Upfront Hardware Cost: Best Wallet is free to download and use, while Keystone requires a hardware purchase that typically costs between $119 and $169.

Real-Time Balances and Updates: Since Best Wallet is always online, you see real-time balances and transaction updates. Keystone, being offline, cannot display live balances and requires manual syncing with software wallets.
Convenience for Active Users: If you frequently trade, stake, or interact with DeFi, Best Wallet’s integrated features and online access offer a smoother and more efficient experience than the extra steps required by Keystone’s offline, QR-based workflow.
How to Open a Best Wallet (Wallet)
Step 1: Download Best WalletStep 2: Set up your Best accountStep 3: Create a Wallet
Best Wallet is available on the Google Play Store and the Apple App Store. Simply click the button below.
Use a secure email address to create your Best account. You’ll automatically receive a multi-chain wallet upon account creation. Set up a 4-digit passcode right away.

To add another wallet, follow these steps:
1. In the ‘Home’ tab, your existing wallet is displayed on the top right. Swipe right on it. Select ‘Add Wallet’.

2. Use your recovery phrase to import your EVM wallet.

3. Assign a name, set a theme, and your wallet is ready to use.

Keystone Wallet Review – Conclusion
Keystone is one of the safest wallets on the market. It uses high security measures and top-notch technology. However, the high initial investment makes it less affordable for beginners. Also, people prefer hot wallets over cold ones for fast-paced, dynamic trading. Wallets like the Best Wallet offer far more flexibility and speed. You can get your free wallet instantly and make your first purchase in minutes! Their security measures are also reasonably sufficient as long as you trade responsibly.
So, you should always prioritize your trading habits before settling for a wallet. The rule of thumb is that cold wallets are secure, while hot wallets are dynamic.
FAQs
How safe is Keystone wallet?
Keystone wallet is a highly secure cold wallet. It uses air-gapped architecture, EAL5+ secure elements, QR code transaction signing, and anti-tamper self-destruct features. Since your private keys never touch the internet, it can be considered one of the safest options for offline crypto storage.
Is Keystone wallet made in China?
Yes, Keystone wallet is manufactured in China. The company is headquartered in Hong Kong, but production takes place in China.
Is Keystone better than Ledger?
Keystone offers stronger air-gapped security, open-source firmware, and biometric authentication, while Ledger provides easier connectivity (USB/Bluetooth) and a longer track record. Keystone is better for maximum offline security; Ledger is more convenient for everyday use.