{"id":4704,"date":"2025-07-27T15:00:11","date_gmt":"2025-07-27T15:00:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/?p=4704"},"modified":"2025-07-27T14:19:08","modified_gmt":"2025-07-27T14:19:08","slug":"crypto-russie-contourne-sanctions","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/news\/crypto-russie-contourne-sanctions\/","title":{"rendered":"Crypto : La Russie contourne les sanctions via le Kirghizistan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Alors que les sanctions internationales s\u2019intensifient depuis l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine, un nouveau rapport met en lumi\u00e8re une strat\u00e9gie discr\u00e8te, mais structur\u00e9e :<strong> le recours massif \u00e0 l\u2019industrie crypto du Kirghizistan<\/strong>. Derri\u00e8re l\u2019essor fulgurant de ce secteur dans ce petit \u00c9tat d\u2019Asie centrale, plusieurs signaux laissent entrevoir une op\u00e9ration largement pilot\u00e9e depuis Moscou.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"une_industrie_crypto_kirghize_aux_allures_de_satellite_russe\">Une industrie crypto kirghize aux allures de satellite russe<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Derri\u00e8re la fa\u00e7ade d\u2019un d\u00e9veloppement num\u00e9rique national, <strong>le tableau est plus trouble<\/strong>. D\u2019apr\u00e8s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.trmlabs.com\/resources\/blog\/russia-leveraging-kyrgyzstans-crypto-ecosystem-to-evade-sanctions?utm_campaign=Brand-Global_Russia-Leveraging-Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%99s-Crypto-Ecosystem-to-Evade-Sanctions_Blog&amp;utm_medium=social&amp;utm_source=twitter&amp;utm_campaignname=Brand-Global&amp;utm_activity=Russia-Leveraging-Kyrgyzstan%E2%80%99s-Crypto-Ecosystem-to-Evade-Sanctions&amp;utm_activitytype=Blog\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">un rapport de TRM Labs<\/a>, cabinet sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9 dans le renseignement <a href=\"https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/news\/data-leak-blockchain-identite-decentralisee-comme-solution\/\" rel=\"\">blockchain<\/a>, la quasi-totalit\u00e9 des flux cryptos enregistr\u00e9s au Kirghizistan provient d\u2019activit\u00e9s russes.<\/p>\n<p>La plupart sont li\u00e9s \u00e0 des entit\u00e9s proches de <strong>Garantex<\/strong>, une bourse crypto russe d\u00e9mantel\u00e9e en mars 2025 lors d\u2019une op\u00e9ration conjointe internationale.<\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"twitter-tweet\" data-width=\"550\" data-dnt=\"true\">\n<p lang=\"en\" dir=\"ltr\">New TRM analysis shows how Russia is turning to Central Asian nation Kyrgyzstan to access <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/hashtag\/crypto?src=hash&amp;ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">#crypto<\/a> rails, route funds through shell exchanges, and evade sanctions.<\/p>\n<p>Learn more \ud83d\udc49\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/YZrIpDZgIC\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/t.co\/YZrIpDZgIC<\/a> <a href=\"https:\/\/t.co\/A2RPlo3NiX\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">pic.twitter.com\/A2RPlo3NiX<\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u2014 TRM Labs (@trmlabs) <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/trmlabs\/status\/1948046770811940931?ref_src=twsrc%5Etfw\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">July 23, 2025<\/a><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p><script async src=\"https:\/\/platform.twitter.com\/widgets.js\" charset=\"utf-8\"><\/script><\/p>\n<p>Un exemple marquant : Grinex, plateforme enregistr\u00e9e au Kirghizistan, est <strong>soup\u00e7onn\u00e9e d\u2019\u00eatre une simple version reconditionn\u00e9e de Garantex<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-4705 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Garan.jpeg\" alt=\"Garantex\" width=\"1600\" height=\"1600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Garan.jpeg 1600w, https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Garan-300x300.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Garan-1024x1024.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Garan-150x150.jpeg 150w, https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Garan-768x768.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Garan-64x64.jpeg 64w, https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Garan-1536x1536.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Garan-600x600.jpeg 600w, https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/5\/2025\/07\/Garan-1568x1568.jpeg 1568w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\"><\/p>\n<p>Autre indice, le stablecoin A7A5, utilis\u00e9 pour des transferts massifs entre les deux pays, semble perp\u00e9tuer les circuits de financement russes.<\/p>\n<p>Au fil de l\u2019enqu\u00eate, des recoupements apparaissent (adresses partag\u00e9es, fondateurs communs, contacts identiques) et dessinent<strong> les contours d\u2019un r\u00e9seau de soci\u00e9t\u00e9s-\u00e9crans<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Selon TRM Labs, l\u2019ampleur du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne est telle que l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me crypto local, encore inexistant en 2022, ne r\u00e9pond pas \u00e0 une demande int\u00e9rieure mais quasi exclusivement \u00e0 <strong>une demande venue de Russie<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"le_kirghizistan_porte_dentree_meconnue_vers_les_marches_mondiaux\">Le Kirghizistan, porte d\u2019entr\u00e9e m\u00e9connue vers les march\u00e9s mondiaux<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Pourquoi le Kirghizistan ? Ce pays enclav\u00e9, peu surveill\u00e9 sur la sc\u00e8ne internationale, a adopt\u00e9 d\u00e9but 2022 <strong>une loi favorable aux cryptos<\/strong>. Elle reconna\u00eet les actifs num\u00e9riques comme une forme de propri\u00e9t\u00e9, et encadre les prestataires de services crypto (VASP).<\/p>\n<p>Sur le papier, rien d\u2019anormal. Mais cette ouverture r\u00e9glementaire a offert \u00e0 Moscou un canal d\u2019acc\u00e8s d\u00e9tourn\u00e9 aux march\u00e9s internationaux. En 2022, <strong>les VASP kirghizes g\u00e9raient \u00e0 peine 59 millions de dollars<\/strong>. En 2024, ils en traitent 4,2 milliards\u2026 en sept mois seulement.<\/p>\n<p>Ce bond n\u2019est pas li\u00e9 \u00e0 un engouement local. Aucun indicateur clair ne montre que les Kirghizes se tournent massivement vers <a href=\"https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/news\/bitcoin-correction-pas-finie\/\" rel=\"\">Bitcoin<\/a> ou <a href=\"https:\/\/icobench.com\/fr\/news\/crypto-boom-ou-krach-imminent-ethereum\/\" rel=\"\">Ethereum<\/a>. Comme le r\u00e9sume Isabella Chase, analyste chez TRM Labs,<\/p>\n<blockquote><p><em>Cette croissance est tir\u00e9e par la demande russe, pas par une utilisation locale.<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<h2><span id=\"convertir_des_roubles_dans_lombre_des_sanctions\">Convertir des roubles dans l\u2019ombre des sanctions<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Derri\u00e8re cette architecture, l\u2019objectif semble limpide : <strong>convertir des roubles en stablecoins<\/strong> pour \u00e9chapper aux sanctions occidentales. TRM Labs identifie, parmi les usagers de ces plateformes,<strong> des groupes russes sous sanctio<\/strong>ns, dont le groupe paramilitaire Rusich impliqu\u00e9 dans les combats en Ukraine.<\/p>\n<p>Des plateformes comme EVDE (Envoys Vision Digital Exchange) servent d\u2019interm\u00e9diaires. <strong>Les fonds sont convertis, puis envoy\u00e9s<\/strong> \u00e0 l\u2019international, hors du radar du syst\u00e8me bancaire traditionnel.<\/p>\n<p>Le stablecoin A7A5, adoss\u00e9 au rouble, joue ici un r\u00f4le central. En effet, <strong>il sert de passerelle entre les bourses russes<\/strong>, les plateformes kirghizes, et potentiellement des entit\u00e9s chinoises ou europ\u00e9ennes.<\/p>\n<p>Certains \u00e9changes sont m\u00eame li\u00e9s \u00e0 des entreprises logistiques transfrontali\u00e8res, qui faciliteraient<strong> la livraison de composants sensibles,<\/strong> comme des drones ou des semi-conducteurs, parfois \u00e0 usage militaire.<\/p>\n<h3><span id=\"un_ecosysteme_permissif_entre_ambitions_numeriques_et_laxisme_reglementaire\">Un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me permissif, entre ambitions num\u00e9riques et laxisme r\u00e9glementaire<\/span><\/h3>\n<p>Si le Kirghizistan peut servir de relais, c\u2019est aussi en raison de sa vuln\u00e9rabilit\u00e9 institutionnelle. <strong>Le pays affiche un score de 25\/100<\/strong> \u00e0 l\u2019indice de corruption de Transparency International, et souffre d\u2019un manque chronique de contre-pouvoirs. La supervision du secteur financier y est encore lacunaire.<\/p>\n<p>Dans ce contexte, les prestataires crypto se multiplient : <strong>126 sont officiellement enregistr\u00e9s \u00e0 ce jour<\/strong>. Le minist\u00e8re des Finances d\u00e9veloppe m\u00eame son propre stablecoin, l\u2019USDKG, adoss\u00e9 au dollar.<\/p>\n<p>Mais sans garde-fous solides, <strong>ces initiatives risquent d\u2019\u00eatre r\u00e9cup\u00e9r\u00e9es, <\/strong>ou instrumentalis\u00e9es, au profit d\u2019int\u00e9r\u00eats ext\u00e9rieurs. Pas s\u00fbr que les autorit\u00e9s \u00e0 Bichkek mesurent encore l\u2019ampleur du ph\u00e9nom\u00e8ne.<\/p>\n<h2><span id=\"une_trajectoire_qui_inquiete\">Une trajectoire qui inqui\u00e8te<\/span><\/h2>\n<p>La dynamique actuelle n\u2019indique pas de ralentissement. En 2024, <strong>le commerce bilat\u00e9ral entre Moscou et Bichkek a atteint 3,5 milliards de dollars.<\/strong> Et selon les douanes chinoises, les exportations de composants sensibles vers le Kirghizistan ont grimp\u00e9 de<strong> 64 % entre 2022 et 2023<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<p>Autrement dit, le pays est devenu un maillon logistique et financier dans un r\u00e9seau de contournement des sanctions. Et Moscou ne semble plus s\u2019en cacher : <strong>le conglom\u00e9rat public Rostec pr\u00e9voit d\u00e9j\u00e0 son propre stablecoin<\/strong> adoss\u00e9 au rouble, h\u00e9berg\u00e9 sur la blockchain Tron. Un pas de plus vers un \u00e9cosyst\u00e8me crypto russe autonome\u2026 et difficile \u00e0 surveiller.<\/p>\n<p>Ce que r\u00e9v\u00e8le le rapport de TRM Labs d\u00e9passe la simple tactique d\u2019\u00e9vitement. C\u2019est la construction m\u00e9thodique d\u2019un syst\u00e8me parall\u00e8le, crypto-compatible, con\u00e7u pour <strong>diluer l\u2019effet des sanctions<\/strong>. En exploitant les fragilit\u00e9s juridiques d\u2019un \u00c9tat p\u00e9riph\u00e9rique, <strong>la Russie esquisse un nouvel \u00e9chiquier financie<\/strong>r.<\/p>\n<p>Reste \u00e0 savoir si la communaut\u00e9 internationale saura y r\u00e9pondre ou si d\u2019autres pays, \u00e0 leur tour, suivront le m\u00eame chemin.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Alors que les sanctions internationales s\u2019intensifient depuis l\u2019invasion de l\u2019Ukraine, un nouveau rapport met en lumi\u00e8re une strat\u00e9gie discr\u00e8te,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":241,"featured_media":4692,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[7],"tags":[61,55],"class_list":["post-4704","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-news","tag-crypto","tag-russie","entry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.8.1 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Crypto : Voici l\u2019astuce de la Russie pour contourner les sanctions<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"La Russie utiliserait l\u2019industrie crypto du Kirghizistan pour contourner les sanctions internationales, selon un rapport de TRM Labs.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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